DU(1)				  User Commands				   DU(1)

NAME
     du - estimate file space usage

SYNOPSIS
     du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
     du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F

DESCRIPTION
     Summarize device usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories.

     Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

     -0, --null
	    end each output line with NUL, not newline

     -a, --all
	    write counts for all files, not just directories

     -A, --apparent-size
	    print apparent sizes rather than device usage; although the apparent
	    size is usually smaller, it may be larger due to holes in ('sparse')
	    files, internal fragmentation, indirect blocks, etc.

     -B, --block-size=SIZE
	    scale  sizes  by  SIZE  before printing them; See SIZE format below;
	    E.g., '-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes

     -b, --bytes
	    equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'

     -c, --total
	    produce a grand total

     -D, --dereference-args
	    dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command line

     -d, --max-depth=N
	    print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only if it  is
	    N or fewer levels below the command line argument;	--max-depth=0 is
	    the same as --summarize

     --files0-from=F
	    summarize device usage of the NUL-terminated file names specified in
	    file F;  if F is -, read names from standard input

     -H	    equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)

     -h, --human-readable
	    print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

     --inodes
	    list inode usage information instead of block usage

     -k	    like --block-size=1K

     -L, --dereference
	    dereference all symbolic links

     -l, --count-links
	    count sizes many times if hard linked

     -m	    like --block-size=1M

     -P, --no-dereference
	    don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)

     -S, --separate-dirs
	    for directories do not include size of subdirectories

     --si   like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

     -s, --summarize
	    display only a total for each argument

     -t, --threshold=SIZE
	    exclude  entries  smaller  than SIZE if positive, or entries greater
	    than SIZE if negative

     --time
	    show time of the last modification of any file in the directory,  or
	    any of its subdirectories

     --time=WORD
	    show  time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use,
	    ctime or status

     --time-style=STYLE
	    time/date format with --time; see TIME_STYLE below

     -X, --exclude-from=FILE
	    exclude files that match any pattern in FILE

     --exclude=PATTERN
	    exclude files that match PATTERN

     -x, --one-file-system
	    skip directories on different file systems

     --help
	    display this help and exit

     --version
	    output version information and exit

     Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from  --block-size,
     and  the  DU_BLOCK_SIZE,  BLOCK_SIZE  and	BLOCKSIZE environment variables.
     Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).

     The SIZE argument	is  an	integer	 and  optional	unit  (example:	 10K  is
     10*1024).	 Units	are  K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q  (powers  of 1024) or KB,MB,...
     (powers of 1000).	Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M,	 and  so
     on.

     The --time-style STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, or +FORMAT.
     FORMAT  is	 interpreted  like  in date(1).	 Also the TIME_STYLE environment
     variable sets the default style to use.

PATTERNS
     PATTERN is a shell pattern (not  a	 regular  expression).	 The  pattern  ?
     matches  any one character, whereas * matches any string (composed of zero,
     one or multiple characters).  For example, *.o will match any  files  whose
     names end in .o.  Therefore, the command

	    du --exclude='*.o'

     will  skip all files and subdirectories ending in .o (including the file .o
     itself).

AUTHOR
     Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, Paul Eggert, and Jim  Meyer-
     ing.

REPORTING BUGS
     Report bugs to: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
     GNU coreutils home page: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
     General help using GNU software: <https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
     Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT
     Copyright	(C) 2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.	 License GPLv3+: GNU GPL
     version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
     This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute  it.   There
     is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO
     Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/du>
     or available locally via: info '(coreutils) du invocation'

GNU coreutils 9.11		   April 2026				   DU(1)